Design for disassemblyDfD

The stage in a product's life cycle when it is removed from service and must be reused, recycled, recovered or disposed of. End-of-life scenarios are a required consideration in life cycle assessment and increasingly influence material selection for composites and roofing systems.

An economic model that keeps products and materials in use for as long as possible through reuse, repair, remanufacture and recycling, in contrast to the linear take, make, dispose model. In materials specification it drives requirements for recycled content, design for disassembly and credible end-of-life routes.

A recycling system in which material recovered from a product is reprocessed into the same or an equivalent product, retaining its quality and value. It contrasts with open-loop routes, where recovered material enters a different and often lower-grade application.