Tooling

A full-size master shape, machined or hand built to the finished part geometry, from which production moulds are laminated. Plug surface quality is critical because every defect transfers first to the mould and then to each part made from it.

A wax, semi-permanent polymer or film applied to tool surfaces so that cured parts release cleanly without damage to the part or the mould. Correct application routines are essential, and transfer of release agent onto surfaces intended for bonding or painting is a common cause of adhesion failures.

A rigid or semi-rigid plate placed over a laminate inside the vacuum bag to smooth the bag-side surface, spread consolidation pressure evenly and control local thickness. Caul plates are common in prepreg and infusion work where a good finish is needed on both faces.

The removal of a cured or solidified part from its mould, using wedges, compressed air or mechanical ejection. Poor demoulding practice is a major source of gel coat damage, mould wear and part distortion.