UHMWPE fibreUHMWPE

A synthetic fibre spun from aromatic polyamide, best known in its para-aramid form. It combines high tensile strength and toughness with excellent impact and abrasion resistance, though it is sensitive to ultraviolet light, absorbs moisture and is notoriously difficult to cut and machine. It is widely used in ballistic protection, ropes and hybrid composite laminates.

A reinforcement fibre produced by carbonising a precursor, most commonly polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or pitch, to give continuous filaments composed largely of carbon. It offers very high stiffness and strength for its weight and is the principal reinforcement in high performance composites. Grades are commonly described by modulus class, such as standard, intermediate and high modulus.

Fibre drawn from molten glass, the most widely used reinforcement for polymer composites. Different formulations, such as E-glass, E-CR glass, S-glass and AR glass, balance cost, strength, electrical performance and chemical resistance. It is the standard reinforcement in GRP laminates, including liquid applied GRP flat roofing systems.

A thin surface treatment applied to fibres during manufacture, typically containing film formers, coupling agents such as silanes, and processing aids. It protects the filaments during handling and, critically, controls adhesion and compatibility between the fibre and the matrix resin, so it must be matched to the resin system in use.