Bio-based resin

A thermosetting resin based on molecules containing epoxide groups, cured by reaction with a hardener such as an amine or anhydride. Valued for strong adhesion, low cure shrinkage, chemical resistance and high mechanical performance, it is widely used in structural adhesives, laminating resins, coatings and composite matrices.

A thermosetting resin dissolved in a reactive monomer, usually styrene, that cures by free-radical polymerisation when initiated with an organic peroxide such as MEKP. It is the workhorse matrix for glass-reinforced plastic in boat building, GRP roofing, tanks and vehicle panels, offering low cost and straightforward processing.

The greenhouse gas emissions associated with producing a material or product, covering raw material extraction, processing, manufacture and transport, and in whole-building assessments also construction, maintenance and end-of-life stages. It is expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent and is commonly reported through environmental product declarations.

Plant derived fibres such as flax, hemp, jute and sisal used to reinforce polymer composites. They offer low density, renewable sourcing and good vibration damping, at the cost of moisture sensitivity and greater property variability than synthetic fibres. They are established in automotive interior panels and are increasingly specified in marine, sporting and construction products.

A composite reinforced with plant-derived fibres such as flax, hemp or jute in a thermoset or thermoplastic matrix. Natural fibres offer low density and lower embodied carbon than glass fibre, at the cost of greater moisture sensitivity and more variable mechanical properties.

An economic model that keeps products and materials in use for as long as possible through reuse, repair, remanufacture and recycling, in contrast to the linear take, make, dispose model. In materials specification it drives requirements for recycled content, design for disassembly and credible end-of-life routes.