Roving

The metric unit of linear density for fibres, strands and yarns, defined as the mass in grams of one kilometre of the product. Glass rovings and yarns are specified by tex, with higher values indicating heavier strands.

A thin surface treatment applied to fibres during manufacture, typically containing film formers, coupling agents such as silanes, and processing aids. It protects the filaments during handling and, critically, controls adhesion and compatibility between the fibre and the matrix resin, so it must be matched to the resin system in use.

A process in which continuous fibre tows, wetted with resin or pre-impregnated, are wound under tension onto a rotating mandrel in controlled patterns and then cured. It is the standard method for pressure vessels, pipes, tanks and other axisymmetric structures.

A continuous process in which fibre reinforcement is drawn through a resin bath and a heated die, curing into a constant cross-section profile such as a rod, tube or structural section. It gives very high fibre alignment along the pull direction and suits long production runs.

A heavy, coarse fabric woven directly from untwisted glass rovings, usually in a plain weave. It builds laminate thickness and directional strength quickly and is traditionally alternated with chopped strand mat in marine and industrial GRP laminates.